"Fairness and Hyperfairness" Leslie Lamport Report #152, March 5, 1998. Minor corrections April 22, 1998. 14 pages. The notion of fairness in trace-based formalisms is examined. It is argued that, in general, fairness means machine closure. The notion of hyperfairness introduced by Attie, Francez, and Grumberg is generalized to arbitrary action systems. Also examined are the fairness criteria proposed by Apt, Francez, and Katz.