ACC2000: Cannot Trap Specific ODBC Errors on OnOpen Property of a Form (206175)


The information in this article applies to:

  • Microsoft Access 2000
This article was previously published under Q206175
Moderate: Requires basic macro, coding, and interoperability skills.

This article applies only to a Microsoft Access database (.mdb).

SYMPTOMS

If you set the OnError property of a form to an event procedure, you cannot retrieve the description of an ODBC error in that procedure, and you also cannot trap a specific ODBC error. When an ODBC error occurs, the only information that is passed to the Error event procedure is the number of a generic error, such as 3146, which corresponds to the error message:
ODBC--Call failed

CAUSE

ODBC error messages normally consist of two components. The first component is error 3146, whose description is:
ODBC--Call failed
The server-specific error information is contained in the second component, from which you can retrieve an error number and a description such as:
[Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server] <Server-specific error message> (#<error number>)
If you set the OnError property of a form to an event procedure, you can trap the number of the first component of the error, but you cannot trap the number of the second component. The server-specific information in the second part of the ODBC error appears on the screen after the code has finished running, unless you include the following line in the event procedure: 
Response = acDataErrContinue
Microsoft provides programming examples for illustration only, without warranty either expressed or implied. This includes, but is not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. This article assumes that you are familiar with the programming language that is being demonstrated and with the tools that are used to create and to debug procedures. Microsoft support engineers can help explain the functionality of a particular procedure, but they will not modify these examples to provide added functionality or construct procedures to meet your specific requirements.

RESOLUTION

You can create a Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications procedure that uses Data Access Objects (DAO) to update a RecordsetClone that is based on the form. This allows you to trap any error message that you receive.

DAO contains an Errors collection that you can use to trap the server-specific information in the second part of the ODBC error. When an ODBC error occurs, the first component is stored in the first element of the Errors collection, and the second component is stored in the second element.

The example in this article uses the BeforeUpdate event instead of the Error event to trap specific ODBC errors. To create a function that traps specific ODBC errors when the BeforeUpdate event of a form occurs, follow these steps:

CAUTION: If you follow the steps in this example, you modify the sample database Northwind.mdb. You may want to back up the Northwind.mdb file and follow these steps on a copy of the database.

  1. Open the sample database Northwind.mdb.
  2. Link to the dbo.authors table in the Pubs sample database in Microsoft SQL Server.
  3. Use the AutoForm: Columnar Wizard to create a new form based on the authors table.
  4. Save the form as frmAuthors.
  5. Create a new module, and then type the following line in the Declarations section if that line is not already there:
    Option Explicit
  6. Type or paste the following procedure into the module:
    Public Function SaveRecODBC (SRO_form As Form) As Boolean
'***************************************************************
'Function:  SaveRecODBC
'
'Purpose:   Updates a form based on a linked ODBC table
'           and traps any ODBC errors.
'
'Arguments: SRO_Form, which refers to the form.
'
'
'Returns:  True if successful or False if an error occurs.
'***************************************************************

   On Error GoTo SaveRecODBCErr
   Dim fld As Field, ctl As Control
   Dim errStored As Error
   Dim rc As DAO.Recordset

   ' Check to see if the record has changed.
   If SRO_form.Dirty Then
     Set rc = SRO_Form.Recordset.Clone
     If SRO_form.NewRecord Then
       rc.AddNew
       For Each ctl In SRO_form.Controls
         ' Check to see if it is the type of control
         ' that has a ControlSource.
         If ctl.ControlType = acTextBox Or _
             ctl.ControlType = acComboBox Or _
             ctl.ControlType = acListBox Or _
             ctl.ControlType = acCheckBox Then
           ' Verify that a value exists in the ControlSource.
           If ctl.Properties("ControlSource") <> "" Then
             ' Loop through the fields collection in the
             ' RecordsetClone. If you find a field name
             ' that matches the ControlSource, update the
             ' field. If not, skip the field. This is
             ' necessary to account for calculated controls.

             For Each fld In rc.Fields
               ' Find the field and verify
               ' that it is not Null.
               ' If it is Null, don't add it.
               If fld.Name = ctl.Properties("ControlSource") _
                   And Not IsNull(ctl) Then
                 fld.Value = ctl
                 ' Exit the For loop
                 ' if you have a match.
                 Exit For
               End If
             Next fld

           End If ' End If ctl.Properties("ControlSource")

         End If ' End If ctl.controltype

       Next ctl
       rc.Update

       Else
         ' This is not a new record.
         ' Set the bookmark to synchronize the record in the
         ' RecordsetClone with the record in the form.
         rc.Bookmark = SRO_form.Bookmark
         rc.Edit

         For Each ctl In SRO_form.Controls
           ' Check to see if it is the type of control
           ' that has a ControlSource.
           If ctl.ControlType = acTextBox Or _
               ctl.ControlType = acComboBox Or _
               ctl.ControlType = acListBox Or _
               ctl.ControlType = acCheckBox Then

             ' Verify that a value exists in the
             ' ControlSource.
             If ctl.Properties("ControlSource") <> "" Then

               ' Loop through the fields collection in the
               ' RecordsetClone. If you find a field name
               ' that matches the ControlSource, update the
               ' field. If not, skip the field. This is
               ' necessary to account for calcualted controls.

                For Each fld In rc.Fields

                  ' Find the field and make sure that the
                  ' value has changed. If it has not
                  ' changed, do not perform the update.
                  If fld.Name = ctl.Properties("ControlSource") _
                      And fld.Value <> ctl And _
                      Not IsNull(fld.Value <> ctl) Then

                    fld.Value = ctl
                    ' Exit the For loop if you have a match.
                    Exit For
                  End If

                Next fld

              End If ' End If ctl.Properties("ControlSource")

            End If ' End If ctl.controltype

          Next ctl

          rc.Update

        End If ' End If SRO_form.NewRecord

      End If ' End If SRO_form.Dirty
      ' If function has executed successfully to this point then
      ' set its value to True and exit.
      SaveRecODBC = True

  Exit_SaveRecODBCErr:
    Exit Function

  SaveRecODBCErr:
    ' The function failed because of an ODBC error.
    ' Below are a list of some of the known error numbers.
    ' If you are not receiving an error in this list,
    ' add that error to the Select Case statement.
    For Each errStored In DBEngine.Errors
      Select Case errStored.Number
        Case 3146
          ' No action -- standard ODBC--Call failed error.
        Case 2627
          ' Error caused by duplicate value in primary key.
          MsgBox "You tried to enter a duplicate value " & _
            "in the Primary Key."
        Case 3621
          ' No action -- standard ODBC command aborted error.
        Case 547
          ' Foreign key constraint error.
          MsgBox "You violated a foreign key constraint."
        Case Else
          ' An error not accounted for in the Select Case
          ' statement.
          On Error Goto 0
          Resume
          
        End Select
     Next errStored
     SaveRecODBC = False
     Resume Exit_SaveRecODBCErr

End Function
  7. Set the BeforeUpdate property of the frmAuthors form to the following event procedure:
    Sub Form_BeforeUpdate (Cancel As Integer)

    ' If you can save the changes to the record,
    ' undo the changes on the form.
    If SaveRecODBC(Me) Then
       Me.Undo
       ' If this is a new record, go to the last record on
       ' the form.
       If Me.NewRecord Then
          RunCommand acCmdRecordsGoToLast
       End If
    Else
       ' If you can't update the record, cancel
       ' the BeforeUpdate event.
       Cancel = -1
   End If
End Sub
  8. On the Debug menu, click Compile Northwind.
  9. If no errors occur, save the form.
  10. Open the frmAuthors form, and then add a new record or edit a record.

    When you make a change to a record, the record is saved when you move to a different record. If an ODBC error occurs, you see the custom message that is based on the server-specific error, and the generic "ODBC--call failed" message is trapped.

STATUS

Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed at the beginning of this article.
Modification Type:MajorLast Reviewed:6/23/2005
Keywords:kbbug kbDatabase kbnofix KB206175
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